Perception, Motivation and Behavior Within Organizations...

How Perception Influences Motivation and Behavior within Organizations There are a lot of factors that affect a person’s behavior or that will influence their motivation. As leaders it is important to try and understand these underlining factors to be able to improve decision making and outcomes for the organization. One area that can have a big impact on behavior and motivation is perception. Perception is described by Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, Konopaske (2009) as the individual’s need to organize information from their environment in a way that makes sense to them. In addition, different individuals will give their own meaning to events around them resulting in no two individuals perceiving the same events in the same†¦show more content†¦As a leader when you are able to see a situation from the other person’s perspective you have a much better chance of influencing their behavior towards common goals. Perception Regarding New System Employees’ perception regarding a new process, procedure or program can cause difficulty in the work place if these perceptions are causing them to be reluctant to needed changes. For example, Joan worked for 15 years using an old antiquated manual system. The company wanted to update their accounting by using a computer based program, but Joan was resisting the change. As the manager you have to find out what her concerns are. Is she afraid that she would not be able to learn the new system; is she concerned they will not need her to do the job anymore; or does she just not understand how the new computer system will be any better. Understanding what she perceives to be the issue is the first step in being able to help her accept the needed change and make the transition to the new system much easier. Therefore, the best way to address the employee’s concerns is to talk with them about what they think some of the issues are with th e new system. It is important to let the employee speak freely without offering any solutions at this point. Only ask clarifying questions to make sure you fullyShow MoreRelatedNotes On Organizational Citizenship Behavior1703 Words   |  7 Pages In reference to Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) – the individual behavior which is elective, and is not directly or explicitly recognized by a formal reward system, and that promotes the effective functioning of the organization, and has been studied beginning in the 1970s, this article covers the study of numerous predictors of OCB in the Gulf of Saudi Arabia which consisted of surveying close to 300 private and public employees. The types of predictors which were studied includeRead MoreEssay on Ob364 A11470 Words   |  6 PagesA: Question 1 The foundation of open systems theory is that all the components of an organization are inter-related, thus, changing one variable impacts many other components of the organization. Additionally, organizations use external and internal inputs to produce outputs. (McShane Steen, 2009). Further, there is a nonlinear relationship between different components of an organization. Meaning, a small change in one variable can cause enormous changes in another, and converselyRead MoreMotivation/Reward System1404 Words   |  6 PagesEssay 1: Motivation/Reward System by Blake P. Rodabaugh EDD 9100 CRN 35455 Leadership Seminar Nova Southeastern University January 15, 2012 Essay 1: Motivation/Reward System Employee motivation seems to be at the core of what defines leadership or more importantly a leader. The success or failure of an organization is dependent upon the ability of those in leadership positions and roles to motivate and inspireRead MoreDifferent Types Of Individual Behavior1683 Words   |  7 Pagesin an organization strongly depends on how well the individuals work together as part of a team and how they portray themselves with their personality and emotions. One’s individual characteristics can greatly affect how well they can work with others. These individual characteristics include; personality, values, self-concept, perceptions, emotions and attitudes, and stress. In combination with one’s individual characteristics, there are four variables that influence an individual’s behavior and performanceRead MoreThe Folly of Rewarding a While Hoping for B1528 Words   |  7 PagesStatement: Many Problems in Organizations are created because of Faulty Incentives and Flawed reward systems that are setup to accomplish one thing but actually does the opposite. â€Å"While Mangers complain about lack of motivation in their workers, they might as well consider the possibility that the reward systems they’ve installed are paying off for the opposite†. Directly linked to these Faulty Incentive and Flawed Systems are key issues with 1) Employee Motivation, 2) Reward Systems, 3) Expectation/MisalignedRead MoreOrganizational Program Design Project Design1466 Words   |  6 PagesOGM in Healthcare MPH 543 October, 2014 Concordia University, Nebraska Abstract Majority of the organizations today are challenged by issues that test the strength and the ability of the organization; challenges that require strategic ways of thinking and effective leadership skill sets. In our present age of strategic dynamic change, it is critical that the managers and the leaders of organizations understand the source, cause of the evolving issues and develops the appropriate skills and strategiesRead More In-Depth Summary of Expectancy Theory Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesIn-Depth Summary of Expectancy Theory In today’s organization, there is a need for ways in which to effectively motivate employees. Expectancy theory addresses the underlying issues that are associated with the belief that a performance or outcome is attainable. Developed initially by Edward Tolman and Kurt Levin, introduction of the theory into the workplace was not achieved until quite some time later by Victor Vroom (Bradt, 1996). It is his first utilization of the theory that enabled othersRead MoreOrganization Behavior And Organizational Behavior1707 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization behavior including both individual and group, which take an important role on company’s performance, a good manager with high ability to manage the employees’ satisfaction and involvement could achieve a higher performance of the company. In recent years, most of companies used balanced scorecards to determine the companies’ goals to improve the performance, which including employee coaching and mentoring. In this report, we will conduct the performance of a company with the interactionRead MoreLeadership As A Global Organization1335 Words   |  6 Pagesglobal organization is more than having a service or product that is wanted world-wide; it is much more involved. A quick study of all successful global organizations reveals the many aspects making the organization competitive, only one element stands out; Leadership. Effective leadership points their employees toward the vision and mission of the organization. Moreover, leadership is where solid relationships are created and the interactions with employees positively activate motivation. TheRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Organizational Roles And Leisure Time Activities1218 Words   |  5 Pagesrelatedness, and growth. Existence relates to a person s physical needs such as food, clothing, and shelter. Relatedness relates to a person s interpersonal needs within his personal as well as professional settings. Growth relates to a per son s needs of personal development. In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs we can see some overlap within all levels of the hierarchy and Alderfer’s E.R.G Theory. The â€Å"Leadership Center† writes that the according to Alderfer’s E.R.G Theory, human needs isn’t in any order

Causes And Effects Of Cancer - 1048 Words

Cancer is a name given to collection of various diseases that are caused by a similar mechanism: uncontrolled division of cells that results in formation of abnormal cells that grow without stopping - tumors. Cancer is caused by changes in genes of the cells that control the way they function. Those changes can be caused by various environmental factors, such as excess ultraviolet exposure from the sun, chemicals in tobacco smoke, radiation from radioactive elements and many other factors. The only type of cancer that can be caused by an infection is the viral cancer. Viruses that cause cancer are called oncoviruses; oncoviruses represent approximately 15% of all human cancers worldwide (Liao 115). Viruses are made up of small portion of either DNA or RNA(sometimes both) surrounded by a protein coat. Viruses enter a living cell and insert portion of their DNA or RNA into the host cell, allowing the host cell to reproduce even more viruses through the processes of transcription and t ranslation of the cell. Each type of viruses tends to be very specific: they target only specific type of cells in the body. Even though development of cancerous tumors from viral infections may take years or even decades, they are still causing thousands of deaths annually (Liao 43). A tremendous portion of human cancers are associated with viral infections: â€Å"The estimated total of infection-attributable cancer in the year 2002 is 1.9 million cases, or 17.8% of the global cancer burden. TheShow MoreRelatedCause And Effect Of Cancer1642 Words   |  7 Pagescompletely unrelated events, they have one factor in common, cancer. The dreaded disease has been wrecking havoc on the lives of many, as there are over a million new cases diagnosed each year. The increase of cancer is due to new screening, new diagnostic tests, and an increase in exposure to carcinogens. It seems every individual has been affected by cancer in some way, whether it was personal or through friends and family. The word cancer encompasses over 100 different diseases that develop in differentRead MoreCause And Effect Of Lung Cancer1612 Words   |  7 Pagespercent. In addition, since emphysema is said to be one of the causes of lung cancer, it can be said that smoking is also related to lung cancer. As is well known, currently, there are no effective treatment for cancer. Smoking habit is the main cause of lung cancer. The probability of a smoker becoming lung cancer is said to be about ten times more than that of a non-smoker. Also, smoking hurts their own DNA, that is, the risk of lung cancer extends to offspring. There may be people who think smokingRead MoreThe Causes And Effect Of Breast Cancer1525 Words   |  7 Pagesothers develop over time, like cancer. Cancer is one leading cause of deaths in the United States. One population that is greatly affected by this illness is women suffering from breast cancer. Breast cancer can take a huge toll on a woman’s physical health, as well as emotional and mental health. Many women have trouble adjusting to chemotherapy, hospitals, the impact on family relationships, and the fact that they are faced with possible death. These factors can cause depression, anxiety, loss ofRead MoreLung Cancer : Causes And Effects1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States and worldwide is lung cancer. Lung cancer is responsible for thirty percent of cancer deaths in the United States. The deaths caused by breast cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer combined do not add up to the deaths that lung cancer causes. In 2007, 158,683 people, 88,243 men and 70,354 women died from lung cancer in the United States (Eldridge, 2012). Out of the 158,683 people that died from lung cancer in 2007, 135Read MoreCause And Effect Of Lung Cancer985 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The second leading cause of death in the United States as of 1933 is cancer .During this period advancements took place in treatment of infectious diseases such as pneumonia and influenza. Cancer, in turn, took its place and is a chronic illness that has no known cure. There are many different types of cancer that affects different parts of the body but lung cancer is the leading cancer killer in the United States . Cancer of the lungs also known as pulmonary carcinoma is caused by aRead MoreCause And Effect Of Lung Cancer Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pages Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancer known throughout the world. The most common suspect of that is smoking, then what happens to the people who inhales the smokers’ smoke? Are they also at risk for developing lung cancer from being a victim? The answer to that right now is that secondhand smoke alone is just a risk factor, there are no evidence right now that currently show that secondhand smoke alone can cause lung cancer by itself. This means that we need to encourage studies that areRead More lung cancer Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lung cancer is the most common cancer-related cause of death among men and women. Lung cancer can be undetected for many years causing it to become more dangerous and possibly fatal. There is not cure for lung cancer or any cancer, but if detected in an early stage the lung cancer can be detected, treated, and hopefully terminated. There are many new and developing treatments being tested now that may save li ves in the future. Through understanding what the lung cancer is, doctors canRead MoreEssay about The Approach to the Care of Cancer1384 Words   |  6 PagesCare of Cancer Kia Nordenskiold September 30, 2012 The Approach to Care of Cancer Cancer refers to a group of diseases that involve uncontrolled cell growth (Corner Bailey, 2008). The unregulated cell division and growth leads to the formation of malignant tumors that invade bordering body parts. Cancer may also spread to distant areas of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Determining the causes of cancer is a complexRead MoreComplications Of Cancer And Treatments996 Words   |  4 PagesComplications of Cancer and Available Treatments Cancer complications and treatments are dependent on patient’s health conditions and stage of the cancer. Common complications caused by cancer include pain, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea (breathlessness), and metastasis (cancer that spreads) (Mayo Clinic - Complications, 2016). Pain is one of the main physical complications, as the nerves surrounding the tissues feel the pressure due to growing tumor. Pain medications and alternate therapiesRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Cancer1175 Words   |  5 Pagesin the United States get cancer every year (Rosen). Cancer is an uncontrollable growth and division of cells throughout the body, and it is a deadly disease that affects many people. Every person is different, every type of cancer is different, and every treatment is different. One main treatment for cancer is chemotherapy. However, saying no to chemotherapy is becoming more frequent among cancer survivors. When choosing to receive or not to receive chemotherapy ev ery cancer patient should keep an

Corporate Financial Management Controllership Duties

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Financial Management for Controllership Duties. Answer: Introduction In the current scenario, the role of a CFO has undergone a sea change and in under immense evaluation whether it is externally or internally. In reality, the role of a CFO is entrusted with high pressure that relates to reduction of cost, increment of the revenue, cost control, etc. The role of a CFO has attained a strong focus owing to the ever-increasing regulations, financial statements, investor assessment, etc. In the present age, the CFOs are needed to play crucial roles that will drive the organization towards success. The two main traditional roles are protecting the assets of the company by reducing risk and having the correct set of books. Secondly, a CFO needs to have an operation that is strong in nature and has the effectiveness. CFO needs to be a key strategic player otherwise; it is difficult to plan the activities in the age of cutthroat competition (Brealey et. al, 2011). The financial approach needs to be clear cut and must helps the business towards growth. Therefo re, considering the activities of the CFO, the role of the CFO is described by selecting the CFO of ADX Energy Ltd. These responsibilities play a key role in shaping company strategies so that it can attain its goals. ADX Energy Ltd is ASX-listed oil and gas appraisal and exploration company (ADX Energy Ltd, 2015). It purposes to obtain superior shareholder returns through efficient choices of investment by applying high quality management and state of art technology. The responsibilities of a CFO play a very crucial role in attaining such goals and objectives. Responsibilities of CFO Controllership Duties The first general area of responsibility of a CFO is controllership duties. This responsibility makes the backward looking part of the CFOs duty. Controllership duties imply that the CFO of a company is responsible for presenting and reporting appropriate, timely, and adequate historical financial information of the company where he or she is working. This is an important area because reporting ensures that the compliance system is properly established and helps in providing the relevant information to the stakeholders (Brigham et. al, 2011). Therefore, this role is crucial in terms of providing information. Similarly, in ADX Energy Ltd, Amanda Sparks and Peter Ironside perform the role of company secretary or CFO and are responsible for presenting and reporting accurate information so that every stakeholder like creditors, employees, analysts, shareholders and other management members can rely on the timeliness and accuracy of such information (ADX Energy Ltd, 2015). With prior inpu ts from the CEO, they prepare and publish the financial statements and provide full assistance and advice to the Audit Committees to ensure that the committee is efficient. Such responsibility is very imperative for proper functioning of a company because various relevant decisions are made because of it. In order to ensure the fulfillment of such responsibility, Sparks and Ironside typically present the annual financial report to the Board of Directors only after conforming that the company has adhered to the Australian Accounting Standards (AAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards. Furthermore, as ADX Energy is a non-financial company, its CFOs use a combination of both financial and non-financial indicators for evaluating and analyzing the financial performance of the company. The financial and non-financial indicator is an important aspect that needs to be tame by the CFO. It helps the CFO in ascertaining the financial progress in a quick span of time (Libby et. al, 2011). They ensure that the companys reporting clearly portrays their third party connections and other collaborative agreements, if any. Under section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001, the CFOs of ADX Energy quarterly states in writing to the Board that the company has properly maintained the financial records and it gives a true and fair view of the companys performance (ADX Energy Ltd, 2015). TreasuryDuties The second general area of responsibility of a CFO is treasury duties. Amanda Sparks and Peter Ironside of ADX Energy Ltd are also responsible for the present financial condition of the company so that they can decide how to invest the resources of the company taking into account liquidity and risk of the company. Treasury is one of the key areas that need to be properly settled otherwise it leads to immense problem in terms of monetary condition (Melville, 2013). They also oversee the capital structure of the company in order to determine the best mix of equity, debt, and internal financing. The role is not limited to the capital structure rather the CFO observes whether the capital structure is perfectly balanced with an adequate level of equity and debt (Williams, 2012). A CFO needs to keep in mind that having a balanced level of equity and debt is the best for the company because a heavy reliance on debt will put undue pressure and a major chunk of the profit will go towards the interest payment (ADX Energy Ltd, 2015). On the other hand, if there is lower proportion of debt then the company will not be possible to utilize the maximum capacity. The issues that surround the capital structure hamper the smooth functioning of the company and it affects the financial risk, thereby affecting the companys value. Therefore, Sparks and Ironside having an extensive experience in corporate governance, financial management and compliance for listed companies makes sure that while managing capital, the company continues as a going concern and it maintains and provides sufficient returns to the shareholders and other advantages for the stakeholders (Parrino et. al, 2012). They aim for such a capital structure that can ensure availability of lowest cost of capital to the company. They are also responsible to adjust such capital structure in the future in order to grab efficiency of favorable costs of capital and then issue further shares in the market. In smaller organiza tions, the responsibility of a CFO is limited to overseeing matters on salaries, investments, cash flow etc but in larger organizations whether financial or non-financial, a CFO has more of an oversight and administrative responsibility with respect to budgeting and management that is deciding on the pay scales and resource allocation based on reports from division managers. Economic Strategy and Forecasting The third general area of responsibility of a CFO is economic strategy and forecasting. It needs to be noted that the CFO needs to have a strong outlook of the economy and must forecast the condition considering the internal and external environment. This implies that a CFO is not only responsible for the past and present financial conditions of a company but he or she also plays a key role in the companys future financial conditions. Forecasting is one of the vital parts in the kitty of the CFO because plans can work when there is a strong forecasting technique. It helps the company to grab opportunities and cements its position in the market. In all sizes and types of organizations, CFOs are collaborating with the corporate boards and CEO so that they can assist in long-term strategic planning. Just like in ADX Energy Ltd, the CFOs (Amanda Sparks and Peter Ironside) help in evaluating the productivity of the company and search for areas of efficacies that can be enhanced to further develop the profitability of the business (ADX Energy Ltd, 2015. They are also called upon by the Board to use their knowledge on general economic outlook, funding sources and markets to support the company in making wise decisions about risk and resource allocation. Responsibility of CFO can influence Objective of the Company It is to be noted that the qualifications of CFO may vary given the range of organizations but most of the employed CFOs, in view of their financial management roles, are expected to have experience and training in finance and accounts. Due to increased competition for share of market, most companies focus on evaluating opportunities that can lower its business cost and increase income. Strategic planning by CFOs is done based on economic, social, political, and technological environment, cost drivers and relevance of sustainable business practices. Strategic plays a dominant role because the external and internal environment faces many challenges and the CFO needs to be dynamic in nature so that the situation is understood in a better fashion and results are guaranteed (Spiceland et. al, 2011). As part of corporate governance, the CFOs of ADX Energy Ltd also additionally declares that the internal compliance and risk management and control systems in association with the financial r isks are appropriate, sound and functioning effectively and efficiently. (ADX Energy Ltd, 2015). Critical Evaluation The financial condition of a company puts a CFO into areas like investment strategies, risk management, and acquisition of capital. The presence of CFO assures the enhancement of a performance measurement framework that gives an appropriate understanding as to whether the Board members and executive team have performed their roles effectively and whether they have sufficient financial information to execute their duties. They are directly accountable to the Board through the chairperson of the company on each matter that is associated to the proper functioning of the Board. As they have extensive knowledge on financial management and corporate governance, they provide financial and commercial advice to the Board, together with assistance in areas of capital raisings, corporate initiatives, and administration. Thereby critically they have a strong understanding of the business environment and helps the company to progress. Efficient Market Hypothesis It is observed in the financial market that any type of information is circulated in the market and the information is quickly absorbed by the stock market in the due course of time. This implies that the reaction of the market is immediate to the news that comes to its ways. Moreover, it is a well-known fact that the individual share price is a strong reflector of the factor, as well as techniques provided by the technical analysis and fundamental analysis that helps in selecting the correct stock. The Efficient market hypothesis is renowned as the Random Walk Theory and is regarded as the weight that present stock price indicates on the information that is available in the market backing up the value of the firm (Northington, 2011). Hence, there appears to be no way of making an enormous profit. The important hypothesis can be tag as the change in price that occurs in the stock market and the manner in which it happens. Both the investor as well as financial managers can get huge opportunity through this activity (Kalpan Schoar, 2005). The EMH opines that the share prices focus on the information that reflects the fundamental value. The hypothesis became popular because it helps the investor to beat the conventional policy that was present. Role and Duty of Pension Fund Manager The main role of a pension fund manager is to manage the investments or portfolio in an effective manner. The fund manager serves the client and this function is manage, on behalf of them so that the maximum returns are generated and even leads to better opportunities. Moreover, a pension fund manager is entrusting with the additional duty of safeguard of the capital. It is the duty of the pension fund manager to look after the capital so that it is not eroded and returns are derived with safety (Goyal Wahal, 2008). The main reason for such a role is considering the fact that pension fund are established with a view to invest the funds that are idle in nature so that after retirement the expense of the client can be meet with ease and flexibility (Davies Crawford, 2012). However, it needs to be noted that the fund manager cannot risk all the capital in assets that are risky in nature that will lead to erosion of the capital. Therefore, the management is done in a manner that leads to optimum return and low risk. Critical Evaluation It takes into assumption that the market is highly efficient and in no situation, the manager will be able to beat the market return. It will make his job redundant in nature (Northington, 2011). On the other hand, if the pension manager makes an investment in asset classes that are risky in nature and other such as ETFs, options and futures, etc. then a good use of the network skills can be done to grab securities that will provide the maximum return (Goyal Wahal, 2008). Hence, the market efficiency is put to debate and stock selection method is important. References ADX Energy Ltd 2015, ADX Energy Ltd Annual report 2015, viewed 5 September 2016, https://adx-energy.com/en/investors/annual-reports.php Brigham, E.F. Ehrhardt, M.C 2011, Financial Management: Theory and Practice, USA: Cengage Learning. Davies, T. and Crawford, I 2012, Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Brealey, R., Myers, S. and Allen, F 2011, Principles of corporate finance, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Goyal, A. Wahal . S. 2008, The Selection and Termination of Investment Management Firms by Plan Sponsors, Journal of Finance , vol. 63, pp. 1802 1827. Kalpan , S.N Schoar, A 2005, Private Equity Performance: Returns, Persistence, and Capital Flows, Journal of Finance vol. 60, pp. 1795 1823. Libby, R., Libby, P. and Short, D 2011,Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, 4th edition, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Northington, S 2011, Finance, New York, NY: Ferguson's. Parrino, R., Kidwell, D. Bates, T 2012, Fundamentals of corporate finance, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Spiceland, J., Thomas, W. Herrmann, D 2011, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin,University Press Williams, J 2012, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Research Paper Essays (769 words) - Secret Societies,

Research Paper The illuminati in Pop culture Who are the illuminati? Can you rise to fame and gain money by becoming a member of the illuminati or the devil? There are many theories that talked about what the illuminati is supposedly is and does, the history of and, where and how it was established. What their goals are, what do the symbols stand for and represents. Should people believe that the illumination is real? The clues lie in the heart of the media, the television we watch and radio we listen, basically, illuminati is controlling everything we do. after doing some research, I have found enough answers to believe that illuminati are real. As far as secret organizations go, the most popular one is probably the illuminati. This supposedly powerful group has been implicated in the Kennedy assassination, 911, the death of Whitney Houston and the ice bucket challenge and has been said to be pulling the strings that make the world go around. The illuminati started as a secret society in 1776, the illuminati group believed that they were far more advanced than the rest of the world and they claim to have knowledge of the world's most ancient and secret religion, illumination. The members are believed to be Satanist and antichrist. Their goal was to end religion, change the teachings in society, and create a new way of living. The group was made illegal in 1785, causing them to go even further underground. The organization was thought to have died out and had little to no acknowledgement throughout history. Started in the year 2000, During the new era of the internet People supposedly started noticing clues and subliminal messages in the real-life media and the rumors spread like wild fire/fast. Many people are still skeptical, there are too many clues proving its existence to deny the fact that illuminati are real. Illuminati supposedly run by the government and celebrities. This is how they are able to control and dictate the media. Illuminati is a well-known conspiracy that should be further investigated. Many parts of society show indication to this idea, making it all more mysterious. The signs; the most notorious one is the all-seeing eye, which is found on the back of the us dollar bill. Many have suspicion that this is in fact a message from Illuminati members. It is often debated whether this embrace a meaning at all. Most can approve that Illuminati like to send out indirect messages internationally that signify for a secret message. Illuminati has been known for sending out unclear messages, and only those educates can correctly reveal its truth. In order to understand illuminati, it needs to be broken down into many different parts. Let's start with the name. Illuminati, the name of this secret-society translates from Latin as meaning "the enlightened ones." Illuminati are thought to have been formed in 1776 by a Bavarian man called Adam Weishaupt, a law professor at Ingolstadt University. The group started out minor with only five or so other professors joining on, and the model for it was based on another secret-society, the Freemasons. The basic construction of the Illuminati circles around fighting against delusion, irrational over-exertion of power by government and religious governments, and general prejudice. They also believed strongly in gender equality. Almost every main catastrophe has, in some way or another, been held responsible on the Illuminati. Anything from the JFK killing to the September 11th attacks are thought to have been caused by their inspiration but, obviously, there are no evidences to back this up at all. In recent years hundreds of big name superstars have been thought to be tangled with the Illuminati. The more fruitful they are, the more conspiracy truth-seekers feel as though their claims are valid. There's very little, if anything at all, to verify these claims, but they make for exciting web posts. But we live in a world that is full of conspiracy theories and, more notably, conspiracy theory believers; in 2015, political scientists revealed that about half of the over-all public in the USA endorse at least one conspiracy theory. These include everything from the Illuminati to the Obama conspiracy, or the extensively held confidence that 9/11 was an