The Influence of Literature on the Monster Essays

The Influence of Literature on the Monster Essays The Influence of Literature on the Monster Paper The Influence of Literature on the Monster Paper I would likewise switch Plutarch Lives for A Separate Peace and Ruins of Empires for the Bible. Changing the perusing material of the beast would incredibly affect how he acts and subsequently, changing the result of the story. Heaven Lost Is a strong perused, however If the beast truly needs to learn and get nature and English, he needs a word reference. The potential outcomes of a word reference the most valuable of about all books. On the off chance that the beast had a word reference, he boisterous not need to stress over spying on people groups discussions so as to learn. Heaven Lost is acceptable writing, yet won't assist him with loving a word reference would. With the beasts minor insight, a book, for example, this would be of extraordinary use to him. The subsequent change in books I picked was Where the Red Fern Grows. I think the most significant incentive in this book may help the animal is empathy. Where the Red Fern Grows represents empathy in numerous pieces of the book, as it respects a kid and his adoration for his pooches. The animal can gain so much from this perusing since it can open his heart more. On the off chance that he does this than he can keep himself from hurting anyone, since he has the idea of empathy. In the event that he had found out about these great ideas from Where the Red Fern Grows, at that point It might have prevented him from sympathy would push him to not to submit murder. Additionally, this expertise would have helped him pardon Victor for not doing his arrangement of getting a female beast. With everything taken into account, a superior decision of perusing for the animal than Sorrows of a Young Writhe uproarious have been Where the Red Fern Grows, to all the more likely control himself and act progressively affable. The third book that the beast initially read was Plutarch Lives. I traded it for A Separate Peace by John Knowles. I did this with the goal that the beast could show signs of improvement handle on the topic that vengeance isn't the appropriate response. He expected to have a superior idea of this good since It would permit him to pardon Dry. Frankincense, and not murder his significant other. The books shopping center pipeline Is concerning whether one kid ought to seek retribution or not. The animal needs to fill his psyche with writing that will mellow is heart, and give him information, however show him not to look for retribution, for it Is Tilted, not sweet. At long last, the last book trade I would make is Volleys Ruins of Empires for The Bible. The good book is the most basic book at any point composed. It shows you how to live with God, numerous expressions of the English language, and it shows a huge amount of history. The animal would genuinely be getting the entire bundle on the off chance that he had the Bible. On the off chance that he follows the 10 Commandments in the Bible, he won't hurt any other individual. Mass migration 20:13 says You will not kill. In the event that he follows this, similar to his hypothetically will, at that point it will keep him from murdering numerous individuals! Likewise, Psalm 34 :14 says Turn from underhanded and do great; look for harmony and seek after it. This Bible refrain should lead him to use sound judgment and not hurt anybody any longer. My last Bible section is John 3:16, For God so cherished the world that he gave his unparalleled Son, that whoever has confidence in him will not die however have unceasing life. This section would truly be a disclosure to the beast since it would give him somebody to converse with. I think if the beast had a genuine enactment with the Lord, no issues would have happened. With everything taken into account, changing the perusing material of the animal could have truly forestalled some contention in the story. Each of the four changed books ought to have helped the animal addition a superior comprehension of the ethical ideas of sympathy, and that retribution doesn't pay, and not execute anyone. The Bible ought to get him in a relationship with God, affecting his dynamic in a positive way. On the off chance that the perusing material for the animal was adjusted, at that point possibly the result of the book would have been extraordinary.

Cyclical Unemployment free essay sample

Recognize the kind of joblessness alluded to in the BBC article and diagram the fundamental driver of this type of joblessness. (1) Cyclical Unemployment, ment to portray the joblessness related with business cycles occuring in the economy. Repeating joblessness happens during downturns since, when interest for merchandise and enterprises in an economy falls, a few organizations react by cutting creation and laying off specialists as opposed to by diminishing wages and costs. 2) Unemployed people can't gain cash to meet money related commitments. Inability to pay contract installments or to pay lease may prompt vagrancy through abandonment or expulsion. An economy with high joblessness isn't utilizing the entirety of the assets, explicitly work, accessible to it. These joblessness benefits incorporate joblessness protection, joblessness pay , government assistance and sponsorships to help in retraining. Social orders attempt various measures to get however many individuals as would be prudent into work, and different social orders have encountered near full work for broadened periods, especially during the Post-World War II monetary development . We will compose a custom paper test on Repetitive Unemployment or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page (3) 1991-1993 increment in joblessness since the Great Depression, 1993-2008 financial steadiness, the joblessness rate is additionally moderately stable,2008-2009 and, after a concise reprieve, the UK economy slipped once more into downturn following 1 Fiscal strategy alludes to the manner by which a legislature, ideological group, or other association handles its funds. To Increase the pace of speculation: Fiscal strategy focuses on the advancement and speeding up of the pace of interest in the private and open divisions of the economy. (2) Equal Distribution of National salary: Fiscal arrangement should add to across the nation benefits and reallocate it so that the incredible disparity of benefits and wealth are condensed in the money related framework. Minimal well off situation in wealth and abuse their benefits on clear utilization and inventories, authentic land, gold ingots, abroad trade, guess and so on. While on the extra give, the sufficient are wedged underneath the thing of shortage and despondency. These try of monetary strategy is to remove these imbalances and straight the capital into inventive channels for budgetary development 3 Evaluate the view that the fundamental target of UK govt approach ought to be to accomplish full business 4 Education and Training. The point is to give the drawn out jobless new aptitudes which empower them to secure positions in creating ventures, e. g. retrain jobless steel laborers to have essential I. T. aptitudes which causes them look for some kind of employment in administration division. †However, in spite of giving instruction and preparing plans, the jobless might be not able or reluctant to learn new aptitudes. Best case scenario it will take quite a while to decrease joblessness.

Bens Eighth Semi-Annual QA

Bens Eighth Semi-Annual QA Answers to questions received through 5PM on 01/24/06 - Jon wrote: Alright, so I have to stay that I have tried to stay silent on the SAT writing section debate, if there really is a debate, but with it being brought up again and again, I think I should mention that the optional essays are considered optional in that they are not required, but if they can give more information, they can help you. The optional interview claims to be the part of the admissions step that can help you, but most likely will not harm you. Dont you find it fishy that all of a sudden a big optional means that an 800 or 790 or whatever is not even looked at? What ever happened to going the extra little bit? I can understand the claim to not trust it and ignore like a 550, but if you have an 800, is it really fair that that is not even given a consideration? To me, and possibly some other students, it would be like testing calculus around the nation. Not every student knows calculus. Not every school has the resources to teach it. Would MIT distrust the score becau se of that? When I took the AP Calc exam last year, the directions the graders get on these exams is pretty much look for the right answer. Thus, if you werent sure what method to use, by writing 2 answers on the paper, you actually leave the grader the decision of choosing the correct one. Standardized tests are not perfect, and should not be used to punish anyone. But, does that mean that by removing punishment we must remove reward, too? Looking back on this, it looks like a rant, and I apologize, because Im mostly on your side. Then again, I do feel my critical reading score was a factor in my deferral from EA, so yes, I think writing could and should be able to help students. Either way, I want you to know I still accept and understand the policies MIT makes on this, whether or not I agree with them. Please remember that no one is ever admitted to MIT based on numbers. The vast majority of our applicants have great grades and scores. If we admitted people based only on numbers, we could build a class many times over. So having a 700 or an 800 on any test doesnt really help you per se; it just makes you competitive in the pool. Regarding the Writing test itself MIT is all about data, and there is simply not enough data yet to determine how the test will correlate with future success at MIT (unlike CR and Math). Preliminary data suggests that the test still has some serious flaws. Until we are confident in the tests ability to evaluate ones potential/ability/etc., we wont be using it in our evaluation of applicants. - Brian wrote: If we were deferred, do our E3 summary cards from the EA round get saved in our folders and considered again, along with new RA summary cards? Would an application then wind up with 4 readers and 4 summaries by then end of the RA round? There is no new E3 card the E3 card that was used in EA will be back on the table for RA (with any additional notes, correspondence, etc). Remember that many folks who are deferred in the EA round are accepted in the RA round. You are not at a disadvantage having been deferred judging by the statistics, its the opposite. - Anonymous wrote: So how were those New SAT Writing scores in early action? Was there anything shocking about them? Were they a helpful deciding factor? Any correlation between writing and math or writing and CR? What was the middle 50% of acceptees scores? I dont have any of these answers we are not considering the Writing score at this time. - David wrote: Im a deferred early action applicant, and I sent in a DVD recently of the special effects and animation work Ive done. What if it is added to my folder after my application has been read for regular admissions? My application is complete, and all of the pieces are in place, but there may be more parts (like this DVD) that dont get seen because they will arrive in the admissions office after my application has been read. Will such additional pieces be noticed in committee? (I mailed the DVD and its explanatory letters about a week ago, so it should definitely arrive before February). If your application has already been read when new material comes in, the folder is returned to the primary reader to log the new material and, if applicable, add to the summary. - Multiple folks asked how old/young I am. I am 32. When I was your age, that seemed very old to me. When Im my grandparents age, it will seem very young to me. Right now, Im too busy to care either way. :-) - Amalchi wrote: I have a few questions regarding the TOEFL. For some reason, ever since the new version of the TOEFL came out, no center in Puerto Rico has been offering it. I am very worried about this since we (students) are obviosuly foreign language speakers. I tried to see if any other version of the TOEFL was being offered, but I was unsuccesful. Many students and I feel like this will put us in a disadvantage, since our SAT scores went down the drain for the most part. I am very confident and happy about the rest of the application I sent to MIT, but I must say I am not at all happy about my SAT scores and felt a need to take the TOEFL in order for this test to be taken into consideration in conjunction with the rest of my application. The only other test I have taken where my english proficiency has been scored is the PEAU, which is offered by the college board for students who are interested in applying to colleges in Puerto Rico. I took this test last year, in order to gain admission to the residential school where I am presently Studying. I will be graduating this May from high school. I called MIT on one occassion and they told me to send the PEAU results with a letter stating that this was the only test I was able to take besides the SAT. But the score results are in spanish. They are not offered in English. Will the people at MIT be able to find someone that can translate them to the rest of the admission officers? Will this test be able to substitute the TOEFL? If we send the PEAU results, will they be taken into consideration? And Varuna wrote: I sat for the TOEFL on January 14th. The test got cancelled due to some problem with the cassette. I sent an e-mail to the MIT admission office explaining what happened. I expected to get a good score for the TOEFL I will take the SAT I on January 28th, but my SAT I score (critical reading and writing) is likely to be lower than what I expected for TOEFL. How will MIT consider this? Please tell me if there is anything I could do. These are indeed unfortunate situations. My primary advice is to make us aware of what happened and explain everything as best you can so we have the proper context when evaluating your application. Any additional materials you can submit to help us evaluate you would be helpful. I would also ask Matt for his thoughts, as he oversees international selection and has more experience than I on the topic. - Lots of people said Happy Birthday and asked what I was doing to celebrate. Hey, thanks everyone! I really appreciate all of the great birthday wishes. My colleagues got me a cake and some nice gifts and had a little party for me during the day; that night my wife kids baked me cupcakes and decorated them for me. Then this past Friday my friends took me out to a nice dinner. Oh, and my family chipped in and bought me this to go with my christmas present WOOT! - Wish wrote: Hi! Im an international student and I was just wondering if any of you guys know whether I can send my mid-year report (since its good :) even though it says for US students only? Yes, you are always welcome to send stuff in. My advice when in doubt, if it will help your application, just send it. - Thatolchestnut wrote: Was Miss April tipped off before your son managed to get another cookie? Yes. Grrrrrrrr. Its a good lesson for him to learn though, before he gets married: the woman you love will always see through your flattery. Cleaning the house, shoveling snow, running errands, mowing the lawn, watching the kids while your wife goes shopping now those things will get you the extra cookie. - Shikhar wrote: Can you please tell me about any summer programs which are like open to internationals also. I am looking for computer science mainly also just so u know the thing I once talked about taking a gap year if not MIT is confirmed. I am continuing with my research work and have left other applications so its pretty much MIT for me this year. Which is why I am also looking for good research opportunities to keep myself engaged somewhere. Great question unfortunately this is a bit out of my realm of expertise. I would suggest asking our international guru, Matt. - Jenn wrote: How would one go about working with admissions as a student? I think it would be a great opportunity and since I already cant sing your praises enough, it would be one tht comes fairly easy. Maybe write a bit about work/study or students in admissions at some point Hey, thanks. :-) There are many ways to get involved with our office tour guides, interns, minority ambassadors, bloggers, etc. We post most of the opportunities during Orientation in the fall, so walk by our office and check em out! - Dadx4 wrote: Id appreciate it if at some point you could describe how the admissions staff know the profiles and rigors of various schools across the country. I have one child applying to colleges now, and three more yet to go through the process, and Im curious to know to what extent the strength (or weakness) of particular high schools factors into admissions decisions and what information on the the high schools the admissions staff has access to. The guidance counselor (or college counselor) reports go a long way in this. First, the counselors will attach the official school profile which gives us a bunch of info (courses offered, range of grades, colleges attended by previous graduating classes, average test scores, a description of the schools location and local resources, etc.) Then the GC will usually write a long report that puts a given student into context, within his/her school community. The teacher evaluations definitely add to this as well. If after reading all of this we still feel like we need more info, well call the schools counseling department directly. - Anonymous wrote: Im a student from Saudi Arabia, I study in all arabic school and my teachers dont know english really well. I have a 4.0 average. I just took the SATs and did extremely well on the math section. I know I can make it into MIT. My question is that what should I do about my teacher recommendations? They all speak fluent arabic, Im going to let me english teacher write me one and I know it will be amazing, but what should I do about my other reccomendations? They wont be able to express themeselves very well in english. My other question is that my school doesnt offer a lot of recommendations what should I do, Im taking all thats offerred and trying my best? Is MIT familiar with the schools in Saudi Arabia? Thanks for your time. Usually when applicants submit recommendations in a foreign language, they submit official translations as well. Is this an option for you? If not, I would advise you to contact Matt and get his advice (he oversees international admissions at MIT). - Tom wrote: I was wondering about MITs evaluation of ACT scores. How does MIT look at scores? Like other schools, does MIT convert ACT scores to SAT? If so, itd be nice to see your conversion chart/ how you guys convert scores. We do convert ACT scores to SAT scores. As for the conversion formula, its not public (in fact I dont even know what it is, to tell you the truth). But MITs pretty good with formulas, so you can be sure its accurate. - George wrote: This might come in handy to ease the peoples nerves down. Say that you take your advice, Ben, and wait another two weeks before contacting the Admissions Office about mail. Then we found out it never got there, not because we did not send it, but because of some problem with the post office or something. Would our application be harmed by that? Would we be able to send it again (although that might take a whole lot especially for International Students?) Yes, in that case Id advise you to resend it, preferably by fax. - Anonymous wrote: I was just curious, how much does being a Siemens Westinghouse Semifinalist and Intel Semifinalist help in terms of MIT admissions? These are obvious displays of passion, which is one of the foremost things were looking for. That said, there are thousands of ways to show passion so while these accomplishments will certainly help you, dont feel that you need to do something exactly like Siemens or Intel to get into MIT. - Kristin wrote: If I, say, took a Calculus II class at a community college, would I be able to get credit and/or placement? Its possible! All of the details are here (thats the 09 site, but the details on the 10 site are unlikely to change much). - M wrote: I had a doubt how a student can be accepted for both mit and caltech in EA. can any one please clarify? Mootmom responded: M, both Caltech and MIT have EA programs: Early Action, in which accepted applicants learn their status in Dec. but are not required to decide until the national May 1 decision date. An EA program is not exclusive (unlike an ED program (Early Decision, where a student is obligated to cancel all other applications and matriculate if accepted) or SCEA (Single Choice Early Action, where a student may apply early only to that one school for EA consideration).) The EA programs which both MIT and Caltech offer are not exclusive and do not require a student to accept, so a student *could* be accepted at both, and a number are each year. Perfect answer thanks! - Yasemin wrote: I am a junior from an international high school and MIT Brain and Cognitive Sciences is my absolute dream. I have several questions to you (to fit your schedule, I have started worrying about college some 8 months beforehand kidding of course =). I would be very thankful if you could address these points in your eight semi-annual FAQ :). 1) As far as I understand RD and RA refer to regular application time, am I right? What exactly do these abbreviations stand for? Regular Action and Regular Decision. They are essentially the same thing, unlike their early counterparts (EA and ED). See mootmoms answer a few questions up for details on the latter. 2) I have exhausted almost all AP courses offered at my school now. The last one is AP Java which I will take next year. So next year will not be a very challenging year for me, although not easy either. Will you understand that I had no other AP courses to take? Yes, well know this from your school profile and transcript. But APs are not the only way in which to challenge oneself. (I cant totally tell from your question how youre feeling about next year because you describe it as not very challenging and also not very easy.) If you think youll be bored, Id advise you to look into other ways in which you might continue challenging yourself academically. A class at a local community college, an online class, self study, research, etc. 3) I am planning to take AP Calculus BC this year. On the first day of our mid-year break I found myself studying Calculus for hours until my dad came at noon thinking I was still sleeping :)! We do have an AP Calc BC course offered to seniors, but since I am working on their topics at the moment, Id rather not take the AP Calc BC course next year and waste a slot on a subject I already know. What do you think? When you say I am planning to take BC Calc this year do you mean junior year? If so, then no, you wouldnt want to take it again next year. 4) Do you value other nations science olympics? Are they valued as much as the Intel and Siemens-Westinghouse awards? Everything is always considered in context but yes, we value all of these. 5) The subjects I have a great passion for are Biology and Calculus. But my teachers in those subjects happen to be a couple. Will it look odd on the application if I get recommendations from both of them? No. But remember that one of those will be Eval A and the other will be supplemental. Youll still need an Eval B (humanities, arts, or social science teacher). 6) I know you dont answer directly to questions such as Am I an automatic reject?. But I am worried a little, because I truly think I have a greater understanding of science than what my grades show. In all sciences I have about A- or A average. In the student blogs and the comments above I can only observe A+ grades. But I was a finalist on the national biology olympics. And I was selected to the olympics teams at our school, too. I am sure I will have very good recommendations. And standardized tests are very good, too. Can these make up for the lack of outstanding grades I had? A- is a perfectly respectable grade. :-) 7) MIT Brain and Cognitive Sciences is awesome! Are there any students you know of who are majoring in this field? If they agree, could you please give me the e-mail address of one? I would love to contact one of those students and get their views. Yes, email me and I will find a student for you to speak with. [edit] Mollie has volunteered (thanks Mollie!). - Anonymous wrote: Im a US citizen educated abroad. I know that Im not considered international, but wont u still put me in the international pool? Because its kind of unfair to compare me with domestic applicants who have millions of opportunities, while I have to create my own path in a very poor country! You will be considered as a US Citizen who has been educated in the context of another country. :-) No worries. - Old-timer wrote: To all of you who are rightly worried about your chances of getting into MIT (or, for that matter, any top schools youre considering or applying to), think of your application experience and all the hard work that you (AND your parents, yes many kids get their parents help in the form of either nagging / reminders or actual help in filling out the application) have put in as a life adventure. Your application outcome is important but wont make or break your life or career. At the end of the day, a persons success is not determined by which school he or she graduates from but by how much abetter person he or she has become after four years. In 10 years or 20, when you look back, youll wonder why you allowed yourself to lose sleep over your college admission matter. PS: Someone elsewhere suggested that an admissions officer would stop reading your application if he or she spots a grammmatical or typing error. If thats true, ask yourself: do you want to study at a sch ool where perfection is not a means to an end but the end itself? You should consider yourself lucky not going to a place where they think to err is not human. Thanks for these very wise words Old-timer! Regarding the typos a few here and there wont matter a bit were human too. Typos only matter when theyre excessive in other words, when it becomes clear that you spent 5 minutes on your essay and that your MIT application itself was an afterthought. Ive only seen this one or two times, and the rest of the application was dismal too. - Alexandre wrote: Does anyone know what a mutual admit is? Again mootmom rocks the answer: A mutual admit is a student who is admitted to two schools (e.g. Harvard and MIT). In terms of beating us, this means that of those students who were admitted to both, a higher percentage chose to matriculate at Harvard than chose MIT. - Tom wrote: Ben, Ive read your QAs and it seems you always say things like dont worry about your poor SAT score because its only part of the application. I wonder if MIT can be equally forgiving when it comes to a couple of poor grades. But later the students showed dramatic improvement. Mikey gave a great answer: MIT can be forgiving of grades too, especially if theres an improvement. Well always look at context and circumstance too, so if there was a special reason for the bad grades illness, family issues, etc., that will also be taken into consideration. While it may be rare for us to take someone with Cs on his/her transcript, it does happen sometimes, especially if the Cs are from freshman year and the grades have steadily improved throughout HS. - U3 wrote: If I dont get through this year and apply next year, will you guys see my application from this year? Will the fact that I couldnt get through this year be a negative factor? I answered a similiar question on College Confidential Ill copy paste it below. Its a year later than the timeframe in your question If you applied last year and didnt get in, and have reapplied this year, we will see both applications. Ive seen a couple of these cases so far this year. I look at last years summaries to see how the readers and selection committee arrived at their conclusions / decisions last year. Then I read your new app from scratch to see where you are now in contrast, in particular what youve done in the last year. As this years applicant pool is shaping up to be equally competitive (if not moreso) than last years, folks who reapply without having done anything since HS will likely not be accepted, as they will essentially be submitting the same app into an equally competitive pool. On the other hand, those who have taken the year as an opportunity to pursue some great experiences and grow as students/people may have a good chance of finding success the second time around. It all depends on the individual case. I should note that there is no advantage to having applied to MIT in a previous yea r. - Ferdinand wrote: i plan to apply for aid and wish to know how i would be informed when my financial aid materials would be received coz there is no space for that in the online application and tracking. The financial aid office is working on a Financial Aid Tracking portlet, which should be released sometime this year. Daniel will have updates as they come. - Usha wrote: Is it true about international students getting in only if they have a regional, national or international certificate in any field? Many international admits do, but not all. International admissions at MIT are very competitive and you will need to stand out from the group, but there are many ways to do this. - Uren wrote: I was just wondering, how long do you guys read files everyday (and how many)? Different readers read at different rates. Most read for 8-10 hours per day, including one weekend day. We work in the office Tuesdays and Thursday and read folders at home M/W/F/Sat. I read less than other readers because Im not a full-time admissions officer due to my Communications Manager responsibilities. - Henry wrote: What! My result is still not yet out can you plz mail the exact date for the result of my exams which i did on 22nd of december? If these have not appeared in your MyMIT account, you should call our office. - Worried wrote: I have a question. What exactly is the purpose of the mid-year report? Is it to make sure that students arent slacking, or to cut people based on lower grades, or what? I was concerned because, as a senior, pretty much all my classes are APs, and with all of the work thats gone into applications, and with all my ECs, my grades are, to some extent, bending under the weight. In addition, Im exhausted from so much work and winter break was no reprieve. Im just concerned that after all the work thats gone into 3+ years of HS and my applications, that a B+ or two on my mid-year report might give MIT cause to reject me, whether I be a border-line applicant or better or worse. Is this true? Would you consider this slacking, because Im not The purpose of the mid-year grade report is simply to get a sense of your senior year grades. Its one piece of a large picture. Everything is evaluated in context, so if your ECs are particularly impressive, I dont see a B+ keeping you out of MIT. - AVY wrote: One of my teachers messed up my grade when he submitted grades. I talked to him and hell correct it, but it will take a few weeks. Should I send mid-year report now, or wait until this is fixed? A few weeks from now might be too late. I would send it now and get your teacher to write us a letter asap.

Consumer Perception Of Consumer s Purchasing Intent Essay

Consumer perception is the impression; awareness and the consciousness customers have about a product. So to understand how modern consumers perceive products quality from multidimensional perceptive, we have to uncover and examine what role of product attributes may play on product evaluations and purchasing intent (Osman Rahman, Spring 2011). Businesses have to explore the underlying motives of consumer’s purchasing intent, uncover the relative significance of intrinsic and extrinsic cues as determinants of consumers’ purchasing intent and to understand the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic cues (Osman Rahman, Spring 2011). Advertisement, personal experience, social media, and public relations affect customers’ perception in so many ways. So businesses advertise with the primary objectives of reaching prospective customers and to influence their awareness, attitudes and buying behaviors (European Journal of Business and Management Vol. 3). 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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety...

As it is characteristic of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Donald Meichenbaum’s treatment of the client, Anna, was a short-term therapy, only lasting about 20 sessions. His eclectic style of work was elicited by Anna because she was horribly depressed and had currently experienced bouts of panic attacks that were making her life miserable, and affecting the lives of those around her. Meichenbaum took a CBT approach with Anna within the first few sessions in order to help rid her of her panic attacks. First, he asked her to close her eyes and envision the last panic attack she had experienced and then asked her to describe how she felt in the first instances of the attack. In doing so, Anna felt the symptoms returning, and†¦show more content†¦In doing so, he also looked at cognition, affect and behavior, because he believes all three are worth looking at in therapy, whereas die-hard CBT would have only looked at Anna’s behavior. The definition of depress ion psychodynamically is anger turned against the self. Meichenbaum embraces this by urging Anna to resolve the anger she felt towards her father and her husband. He also prompts Anna to understand her own dynamics on a deeper level of functioning. This approach is very sensitive to the individual and I believe that it worked well for Anna. I believe that it did so because she felt as though no one listened to her in her life, and she was able to unstuff her feelings with someone who showed caring and resolve. It helped her get rid of her panic attacks and helped her also decrease her depression, if not get her to normal standards ofShow MoreRelatedWhen Mental Health Problems, Otherwise Known As Psychopathology,1510 Words   |  7 Pagespsychological therapy. Most of these approaches view mental health illnesses as a normal and adaptive reaction to stressful or difficult conditions in one’s life (Davey, 2011). 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Kirsten informed her father’s side of the family of her wishes of having a nonalcoholic holiday event in honor of her father trying to become sober. She was told by her family that her wishes would be respected from all family membersRead MoreEssay about Anxiety Disorder1082 Words   |  5 PagesAnxiety Disorder What is Anxiety? As defined by Understanding Psychology by Glencoe, Anxiety is a general state of dread or uneasiness that a person feels in response to a real or imagined danger. Anxiety affects 19 million Americans annually and anxiety disorder happens to be the most common mental illness in America. There are many different types of anxiety disorder such as: Panic Disorder, Obsessive – Compulsion Disorder, Phobias, and a few more. Although there is no cure for anxiety disordersRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Panic Disorder1493 Words   |  6 Pagesabout reoccurring panic attacks (American Psychiatric Association 2013). 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Due to thisRead MoreSocial Phobia And Social Anxiety Disorder Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Phobia, also called social anxiety disorder (SAD), is one of the most common, but misconstrued mental health problems in society. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), over 15 million adults suffer from the disorder. First appearing in the DSM-III as Social Phobia, and later in the DSM-IV as Social Anxiety Disorder, this newly established disorder denotes afflicting stress and anxiety associated with social situations (Zakri 677). According to James W. Jefferson

System Archetypes Free Essays

Every company strives to increase revenue and stabilize or decrease operating expenses. The Yellow Book once had a steady revenue stream, which coincided with the operating expenses. The steady rise in sales and revenues also means an increase in production while maintaining an equal level of customer service. We will write a custom essay sample on System Archetypes or any similar topic only for you Order Now This displays several archetypes, including limits to growth. The Yellow Book will continue to experience growth, however if deadlines are not met and mistakes are made in advertising, this will cause the direct customer to be influenced negatively, and ultimately reduce revenues with loss of customers. In order to maintain balance, production must be equal to revenue and customer service should be stable. Growth and underinvestment is an archetype that The Yellow Book is currently moving towards. The graphic designers and production teams are being stretched beyond their limits. While they are currently working hard to keep up production with demands, the overworked employees will not be able to maintain the motivation and morale needed with sales gradually on the rise. Advertising is not an area where performance standards can be lowered. If a 95% satisfaction rate is the current standard and the organization decides to decrease to 85%, there is a strong change that the 15% of unhappy customers will either not renew their ads, or could be granted free advertising, which will negatively affect revenue. The diagram below shows how growth and underinvestment and increase in demand causes a need to reinvest in production to stabilize customer satisfaction. The capabilities and core competencies give The Yellow Book a competitive advantage. The strategy it needs to adapt is a long term plan to maintain service levels year after year, not just book after book. A customer may give The Yellow Book a second chance if they experience an error, but it is doubtful there will be more chances and advertisers will be lost. How to cite System Archetypes, Papers

Control Environment of an Organization Free-Sample-Myassignment

Question: Discuss in details whether or not the Accountant acted Ethically. Answer: Tehra is serving as an accountant in a footwear apparel company. The company is in profits or in simpler words we can say that the revenue and the net income are increasing 100 present over last three years. With the profit Tehra and her colleagues expected a hike in the salary which certainly did not happen .Things not going by her favour she started submitting expenditure compensations of personal acquisition. Having good relationship and acquaintance with the team leaders or the supervisors she just makes the reimbursement voucher sign , she Is doing all these as she was expecting a hike which did not happen. Tehra is wrong in her doings, she has no right to submit her personal expense as reimbursements and she certainly did not acted ethically. Expense repayment is a method for disbursing staffs back when they spend their own cash on business-related expenditures. False expenditure claims ascend when employees who are permitted to be compensated for expenses experienced while exe cution their work responsibilities, claim expenditures to which they are not permitted. It is noticed that no proper internal control were placed at the company and the supervisor was wrong in allowing the expense of the accountant. Proper internal control needs to be places In the company. Business owners or the corporations must be watchful that placing controls into the commercial system may cause disorganizations or other difficulties that compensate the likelihood of any victims. Company has no liability to raise salary to employees if the company is incurring profits, its the wish of the company to do it or not. Tehra should actually ask the management and put forward her opinion rather making false expense claim which is illegal and ethical. She should have acted wisely as she is the accountant of the company and should have taken things on a more serious note.An accountant is eligible to maintain the books of accounts and she has to be ethical enough and be confedential and maintain integrity. (Brisbane chapter, 2017). It is noticed that no proper internal control were placed at the company and the supervisor was wrong in allowing the expense of the accountant To avoid this basic controls needs to be identified such as employees should submit detailed expense compensation requirements, including original receipts and associate certification and details of the expenditure and reasons for that spending. Rahul serves as an accounting manager for the company On time Greeks which is a technical company for the individuals and small companies. As serving as a manager he is responsible to look after the accounts of the company that is the trial balance and other matters. Atrial balanceis actually the whole list of thegeneral ledgeraccounts which could be both capital and revenue which is actually contained in different ledgers.His supervisor strictly instructed him to prepare the trial balance under a restricted time. Due to some uncertain circumstance he was unable to prepare the trial balance. While preparing the trial balance in haste he discovered that the credit side exceeded by $3000 from the debit side. To make things proper he decided to add a $3000 debit to the vehicles account Balance. He then made alteration in the vehicles account and thought that this would not create a material impact in the books of accounts. Rahul is unethical in his job and he is not right in doing such mismatch. To total the debit and credit side he cant do such adjustments. It does not depend whether the amount is material or not. It is against the accounting policy of the company to do such as unethical thing . When the firm applies dual access principles appropriately, the automatically the sum of debits should match the credits.. A disparity amongst trial debit and credit sumssignifies that one or more explanations comprises errors or oversights. Bookkeepers use this period to find and correct mistakes the trial balance reveals. The sums of the debits and credits in the trial balance must tie, in order to build the new Revenue declaration and Balance sheet properly. And, the company must find and fix all bookkeeping errors that lead to the disparity before publication the period's declarations. Also, they must find and fix otherimportant and material errors fundamental the balances of account during the trial balance period, as well. Bookkeepers use this period to find and cor rect mistakes the trial balance reveals The accountant should find the error and fix the journals or the ledgers is he could detect any mistake, if the debit and credit dont match there is the possibility of an accounting error in the balances of the account, or the transaction posting from one journal to leger can be omitted or wrongly posted. And even if the doing any adjustment it should be accurate enough. References Brisbane Chapter (2017).False Employee Claims. [online] Available at: https://brisbaneacfe.org/library/occupational-fraud/false-employee-claims-payroll-fraud/ [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[1] Bizfilings(2017) Finance [online] Available at: https://www.bizfilings.com/toolkit/research-topics/finance [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[2 Control environment (2017).Control environment of a Company. [online] Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/ie/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f8/technical-articles/the-control-environment-of-a-company.html [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[3] Internal control(2017).Internal Controls. [online] Available at: https://f2.washington.edu/fm/fr/internal-controls [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[4]

The Role of Training Professionals in Organizations

Introduction The ever changing global economy calls for new innovations and strategies in organizations in order to maintain competitive advantage. These include training and development of the human resource to enhance productivity and overall business performance (Cappelli 2000).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Training Professionals in Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizations are taking huge risks by investing heavily on human resource training and development. Business executives view innovation as one of their top most challenges. Many studies have found out that training and growth is the main tool for breaking new ground bringing changes in an organization (Gronn 2002). Discussion High performing organizations nowadays are acknowledging the significance of using best training and development systems to improve their competitive advantage in the industry. Training and develop ment of the human resource is a critical factor in any organization if the value and potential of the human resources are to be harnessed and grown. Many studies have underscored the apparent correlation between a soundly designed and strategic training and the overall success of the organization (Cappelli 2000). The general image of the industry and workers is also influenced by the level and quality of training and development. In our contemporary business climate most companies are faced with stiff competition for their quality staffs (Gronn 2002). Human resource experts asserts that companies which invests heavily training and development benefits from enriched working environment with low level of staff exodus as well as enhanced productivity and organizational performance (Kuchinke 2001). The intention of this essay is to examine the role of training professionals in today’s business, to deliver innovations. The study also explores how Australian organizations have deve loped innovations in their training and development programs to maintain organizational success and competitive advantage in the industry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Training professionals and development of the human resources ensures sustainable competitive advantage and retention of high quality personnel in an organization (Wexley Latham 2002). Professional training guarantees stability and productivity in a company. It achieves this by helping employees to improve on their capacity and helps them adapt to new technologies and organizational changes (Wexley Latham 2002). According to Miller (2010), training professionals assists in changing employee’s behavior and competency in their work. Willingness of the employees to embrace changes in an organization is influenced by numerous factors such as organizational structure, performance evaluation system, and organisation’s culture among others. Integration of the above elements and change initiatives can easily be achieved through professional training (Miller 2010). According to Langbert (2005) expertise acquired through professional training not only helps in getting accustomed to the new technology but also contributes to new innovations. Professional training facilitates the acquisition of new ideas and solutions to organizational challenges. Training team during the early stages of initiative is always capable of advising the top management on the best possible solutions to the current or looming problem (Kuchinke 2001). Training professionals also helps to prepare workers for the change. Most of the activities carried out in the training department are parallel with the change team. By the time the executives make an announcement about the change, those who have undergone professional training would already be familiar with it. This gives workers confidence, trust and belie f (Miller 2010). Training professionals improves vision of the top management. Most managers are great visionaries except that they do not translate their visions into observable variables. Professional training thus plays an important role in articulating goals and objectives of an organization by acting as a vehicle for communication and leading change (Gronn 2002). In addition, this training professional ensures top management remains visible in an organization. They become visible by participating and involving themselves in the training activities and programs of an organization (Kuchinke 2001).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Training Professionals in Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the major obstacles to innovations and change in many organizations is complacency by top management. They usually turn to training department only in the times of emergencies and after making major decisions. Training professional ensures continuity by integrating training with daily operations of the organization (Gronn 2002). These helps employees to understand markets dynamics, identify major obstacles and opportunities, and encourage sustainable solutions to the organizational problems. Training professionals applies top-down approach to leadership, which has been proven to be most effective in the contemporary businesses. Each and every members of an organizations is given chance to participate in the training process and implementation of organizational goals and objectives (Gronn 2002). A study conducted by Scully (2005) found out that small firms are more likely to conduct training in an informal technique with larger companies applying a well-designed and strategic approach on training. Training professionals are strategically aligned with the overall mission and goals of the company. Training takes place in a framework of corporation between all the stakeholder s in an organization. These trainings are designed and delivered with the objective of helping the employees achieve organizational as well as personal goals. This type of training increases involvement of the management and the general employees in organizational matters thus creates a sense of ownership of the training and learning among the staff (Scully 2005; Cappelli 2000). Strategic approach used in professional training and developments are more targeted, quantifiable and effective. Increased flexibility in terms of delivery of training accommodates participant’s different styles of learning as well as their lifestyles. Training professional assesses the reaction, learning, behavioral change and valued added to the organization. Evaluation of the training interventions helps organization to establish the strength weaknesses of the training development approach used in an organization (Cappelli 2000). National Australia Bank is the largest financial institutions in the country and has massive market capitalization and customer base. National Bank of Australia is based in Melbourne and has in excess of 25000 staff in eight hundred branches, one hundred and eighty business banking centers, and over a hundred of agribusiness sites, and three main contact centers. The bank has developed an integral infrastructure to support self-driven, staff development initiative. National Australia Bank in collaboration with the Microsoft Company built a portal known as Academy Online, which has helped the bank to deliver virtual learning and human resource development. Academy online is inline with the banks new approach to professional training. Academy online offers courses that are directly related to the bank’s strategic plans and human capital programs (Blount, Tanya Paula 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Academy online has created a legacy where employees take individual responsibility for their own development and ambitions. Academy online recognizes the fact that employees’ level of training and development varies considerably in accordance with each and every individual. Therefore, Academy online ensures equity in access to formal and informal training among the bank’s employees. This online solution to professional training and human resource development has also enhanced communication and collaboration among the staff (Blount, Tanya Paula 2003). Common wealth Bank of Australia is the second largest Bank in Australia. This bank operates beyond the borders of Australia and is found in other Asian countries in Europe. The bank is offering numerous financial services ranging from asset management, financial transactions, broking services, superannuation among others (John 2001). Initially, the bank used to rely on leadership seminars or retreat to improve the skills and competence of its professionals. Currently, the bank has blended its formal and informal learning including off-site seminars and retreats with on the- job training and coaching (Blount, Tanya Paula 2002). Common wealth Bank of Australia has also not been left behind in the use of technology in training and development of its human capital. The bank embraced a blend of DDI web based classroom training and OPAL for on the job training and coaching. The bank embarked on this blend of training to economize use of funds in training, minimize employee’s time off the job, and to acclimatize employees to learning through self directed technological methods. The challenge posed by the use of technology in training professionals is that learner needs to put more effort in order to learn, relate and use the new skills and concepts acquired during the training (Blount, Tanya Paula 2002;Scully 2005). The two major financial institutions in Australia have embraced new technology in their training approaches and human resource development programs. This is because of their massive number of human capital and extends of operations. Use of technology has significantly reduced budgetary allocations for training in the two financial institutions and employees’ times spend off the job. The only difference in the approach between the two institutions is that National Australia Bank is focused more in online training while Common Wealth Bank of Australia blends its approach to achieve optimal results (Zuboff Maxmin 2002). Australian financial institutions on the other hand have developed a technological infrastructure to support self-driven, staff development initiative. These institutions operate beyond the border and have massive human capital. Use of technology training and human resource development not only saves money but also the time off spend by workers off the duty. Online training portal used by these organizations ensures that individual employees take responsibility for their own development and personal ambitions. Use of technology guarantees equitable access to training among the employees and also improve on the communication and collaboration among the staff. The challenge posed by the use of technology in training professionals is that learner needs to put more effort in order to learn, relate and use the new skills and concepts acquired during the training. Conclusion Training professional plays an integral role in the new innovation and overall organizational change. New innovations and strategies are the major tools in achieving competitive advantage in the ever-dynamic global economy. However, professional training designs and approaches have to be in line with the organization’s vision and mission. Approach used should also take into consideration the views and opinions of all the stakeholders in an organization. Strategic approach used in professional training and developments are more targeted, quantifiabl e and effective. Increased flexibility in terms of delivery of training accommodates participant’s different styles of learning as well as their lifestyles. References Blount, Y., Tanya, C., Paula, S., 2002. Implementation of Electronic Commerce and Human Resource Management Strategies in an Australian Retail Banking context. Proceedings of the Seventh Collector Conference on Electronic Commerce. Melbourne, VIC; Faculty of Informatics, University of Wollongong. Blount, Y., Tanya, C., Paula, S., 2003. Employee development strategies in the b2cbanking environment: two Australian case studies. Melbourne: Deakin University press. Cappelli, P., 2000. A market-driven approach to retaining talent. Harvard Business Review. Gronn, P., 2002. Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly. John, Q., 2001. The ‘People’s Bank’: the Privatization of the Commonwealth Bank and the Case for a New Publicly-Owned Bank. Australian Options. Miller, N. , 2010. Leading workplace innovation and change. Brave new role. Scully, M., 2005. Bystander awareness: Skills for effective managers. In Ancona, D., Kochan, T., Scully, M. Van Maanen, J. Westney, and D.E. Managing for the future: Organizational behavior and processes. Cincinnati, OH: Southwestern. Wexley, K., Latham, G., 2002. Developing and training human resources in organization, 3rd Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Zuboff, S., Maxmin, J., 2002. The Support Economy why Corporations are Failing Individuals and the Next Episode of Capitalism. New York: The Penguin Group. This essay on The Role of Training Professionals in Organizations was written and submitted by user Milo Higgins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Francisco Pizarro, Spanish Conqueror of the Inca

Francisco Pizarro, Spanish Conqueror of the Inca Francisco Pizarro (ca. 1475–June 26, 1541) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador. With a small force of Spaniards, he was able to capture Atahualpa, emperor of the mighty Inca Empire, in 1532. Eventually, he led his men to victory over the Inca, collecting mind-boggling quantities of gold and silver along the way. Fast Facts: Francisco Pizarro Known For: Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca EmpireBorn: ca. 1471–1478 in Trujillo, Extremadura, SpainParents: Gonzalo Pizarro Rodrà ­guez de Aguilar and Francisca Gonzalez, a maid in the Pizarro householdDied: June 26, 1541 in Lima, PeruSpouse(s): Inà ©s Huaylas Yupanqui (Quispe Sisa).Children: Francisca Pizarro Yupanqui, Gonzalo Pizarro Yupanqui Early Life Francisco Pizarro was born between 1471 and 1478 as one of several illegitimate children of Gonzalo Pizarro Rodrà ­guez de Aguilar, a nobleman in Extremadura province, Spain. Gonzalo had fought with distinction in wars in Italy; Franciscos mother was Francisca Gonzalez, a maid in the Pizarro household. As a young man, Francisco lived with his mother and siblings and tended animals in the fields. As a bastard, Pizarro could expect little in the way of inheritance and decided to become a soldier. It is likely that he followed in his fathers footsteps to the battlefields of Italy for a time before hearing of the riches of the Americas. He first went to the New World in 1502 as part of a colonization expedition led by Nicols de Ovando. San Sebastin de Uraba and the Darià ©n In 1508, Pizarro joined the Alonso de Hojeda expedition to the mainland. They fought the natives and created a settlement called San Sebastin de Urab. Beset by angry natives and low on supplies, Hojeda set out for Santo Domingo in early 1510 for reinforcements and supplies. When Hojeda did not return after 50 days, Pizarro set out with the surviving settlers to return to Santo Domingo. Along the way, they joined an expedition to settle the Darià ©n region: Pizarro served as second in command to Vasco Nuà ±ez de Balboa. First South American Expeditions In Panama, Pizarro established a partnership with fellow conquistador Diego de Almagro. News of Hernn Cortà ©s audacious (and lucrative) conquest of the Aztec Empire fueled the burning desire for gold among all of the Spanish in the New World, including Pizarro and Almagro. They made two expeditions from 1524 to 1526 along the western coast of South America: harsh conditions and native attacks drove them back both times. On the second trip, they visited the mainland and the Inca city of Tumbes, where they saw llamas and local chieftains with silver and gold. These men told of a great ruler in the mountains, and Pizarro became more convinced than ever that there was another rich Empire like the Aztecs to be looted. Third Expedition Pizarro personally went to Spain to make his case to the king that he should be allowed a third chance. King Charles, impressed with this eloquent veteran, agreed and awarded Pizarro the governorship of lands he acquired. Pizarro brought his four brothers back with him to Panama: Gonzalo, Hernando, Juan Pizarro, and Francisco Martà ­n de Alcntara. In 1530, Pizarro and Almagro returned to the western shores of South America. On his third expedition, Pizarro had about 160 men and 37 horses. They landed on what is now the coast of Ecuador near Guayaquil. By 1532 they made it back to Tumbes: it was in ruins, having been destroyed in the Inca Civil War. The Inca Civil War While Pizarro was in Spain, Huayna Capac, Emperor of the Inca, had died, possibly of smallpox. Two of Huayna Capacs sons began fighting over the Empire: Huscar, the elder of the two, controlled the capital of Cuzco. Atahualpa, the younger brother, controlled the northern city of Quito, but more importantly had the support of three major Inca Generals: Quisquis, Rumià ±ahui, and Chalcuchima. A bloody civil war raged across the Empire as Huscar and Atahualpas supporters fought. Sometime in mid-1532, General Quisquis routed Huscars forces outside of Cuzco and took Huscar prisoner. The war was over, but the Inca Empire was in ruins just as a far greater threat approached: Pizarro and his soldiers. Capture of Atahualpa In November 1532, Pizarro and his men headed inland, where another extremely lucky break was awaiting them. The nearest Inca city of any size to the conquistadors was Cajamarca, and Emperor Atahualpa happened to be there. Atahualpa was savoring his victory over Huscar: his brother was being brought to Cajamarca in chains. The Spanish arrived in Cajamarca unopposed: Atahualpa did not consider them a threat. On November 16, 1532, Atahualpa agreed to meet with the Spanish. The Spanish treacherously attacked the Inca, capturing Atahualpa and murdering thousands of his soldiers and followers. Pizarro and Atahualpa soon made a deal: Atahualpa would go free if he could pay a ransom. The Inca selected a large hut in Cajamarca and offered to fill it half full with golden objects, and then fill the room twice with silver objects. The Spanish quickly agreed. Soon the treasures of the Inca Empire began flooding into Cajamarca. The people were restless, but none of Atahualpas generals dared attack the intruders. Hearing rumors that the Inca generals were planning an attack, the Spanish executed Atahualpa on July 26, 1533. After Atahualpa Pizarro appointed a puppet Inca, Tupac Huallpa, and marched on Cuzco, the heart of the Empire. They fought four battles along the way, defeating the native warriors every time. Cuzco itself did not put up a fight: Atahualpa had recently been an enemy, so many of the people there viewed the Spanish as liberators. Tupac Huallpa sickened and died: he was replaced by Manco Inca, a half-brother to Atahualpa and Huscar. The city of Quito was conquered by Pizarro agent Sebastin de Benalczar in 1534 and, apart from isolated areas of resistance, Peru belonged to the Pizarro brothers. Pizarros partnership with Diego de Almagro had been strained for some time. When Pizarro had gone to Spain in 1528 to secure royal charters for their expedition, he had acquired for himself the governorship of all lands conquered and a royal title: Almagro only got a title and the governorship of the small town of Tumbez. Almagro was furious and nearly refused to participate in their third joint expedition: only the promise of the governorship of as-yet undiscovered lands made him come around. Almagro never quite shook the suspicion (probably correct) that the Pizarro brothers were trying to cheat him out of his fair share of the loot. In 1535, after the Inca Empire was conquered, the crown ruled that the northern half belonged to Pizarro and the southern half to Almagro: however, vague wording allowed both conquistadors to argue that the rich city of Cuzco belonged to them. Factions loyal to both men nearly came to blows: Pizarro and Almagro met and decided that Almagro would lead an expedition to the south (into present-day Chile). It was hoped that he would find great wealth there and drop his claim to Peru. Inca Revolts Between 1535 and 1537 the Pizarro brothers had their hands full. Manco Inca, the puppet ruler, escaped and went into open rebellion, raising a massive army and laying siege to Cuzco. Francisco Pizarro was in the newly founded city of Lima most of the time, trying to send reinforcements to his brothers and fellow conquistadors in Cuzco and organizing shipments of wealth to Spain (he was always conscientious about setting aside the royal fifth, a 20% tax collected by the crown on all treasure collected). In Lima, Pizarro had to fend off a ferocious attack led by Inca General Quizo Yupanqui in August of 1536. The First Almagrist Civil War Cuzco, under siege by Manco Inca in early 1537, was rescued by the return of Diego de Almagro from Peru with what was left of his expedition. He lifted the siege and drove off Manco, only to take the city for himself, capturing Gonzalo and Hernando Pizarro in the process. In Chile, the Almagro expedition had found only harsh conditions and ferocious natives: he had come back to claim his share of Peru. Almagro had the support of many Spaniards, primarily those who had come to Peru too late to share in the spoils: they hoped that if the Pizarros were overthrown that Almagro would reward them with lands and gold. Gonzalo Pizarro escaped, and Hernando was released by Almagro as part of the peace negotiations. With his brothers behind him, Francisco decided to do away with his old partner once and for all. He sent Hernando into the highlands with an army of conquistadors, and they met Almagro and his supporters on April 26, 1538, at the Battle of Salinas. Hernando was victorious, while Diego de Almagro was captured, tried, and executed on July 8, 1538. Almagros execution was shocking to the Spaniards in Peru, as he had been raised to nobleman status by the king some years before. Death For the next three years, Francisco mainly remained in Lima, administrating his empire. Although Diego de Almagro had been defeated, there was still much resentment among late-coming conquistadors against the Pizarro brothers and the original conquistadors, who had left slim pickings after the fall of the Inca Empire. These men rallied around Diego de Almagro the younger, son of Diego de Almagro and a woman from Panama. On June 26, 1541, supporters of the younger Diego de Almagro, led by Juan de Herrada, entered Francisco Pizarros home in Lima and assassinated him and his half-brother Francisco Martà ­n de Alcntara. The old conquistador put up a good fight, taking down one of his attackers with him. With Pizarro dead, the Almagrists seized Lima and held it for almost a year before an alliance of Pizarrists (led by Gonzalo Pizarro) and royalists put it down. The Almagrists were defeated at the Battle of Chupas on September 16, 1542: Diego de Almagro the younger was captured and executed shortly after that. Legacy The cruelty and violence of the conquest of Peru is undeniable- it was essentially outright theft, mayhem, murder, and rape on a massive scale- but it is hard not to respect the sheer nerve of Francisco Pizarro. With only 160 men and a handful of horses, he brought down one of the largest civilizations in the world. His brazen capture of Atahualpa and decision to back the Cuzco faction in the simmering Inca civil war gave the Spaniards enough time to gain a foothold in Peru that they would never lose. By the time Manco Inca realized that the Spanish would not settle for anything less than the complete usurpation of his empire, it was too late. As far as the conquistadors go, Francisco Pizarro was not the worst of the lot (which isnt necessarily saying much). Other conquistadors, such as Pedro de Alvarado and his brother Gonzalo Pizarro, were much crueler in their dealings with the native population. Francisco could be cruel and violent, but in general, his acts of violence served some purpose, and he tended to think his actions through much more than others did. He realized that wantonly murdering the native population was not a sound plan in the long run, so he did not practice it. Francisco Pizarro married Inà ©s Huaylas Yupanqui, the daughter of the Inca emperor Huayna Capa, and she had two children: Francisca Pizarro Yupanqui (1534–1598) and Gonzalo Pizarro Yupanqui (1535–1546). Pizarro, like Hernn Cortà ©s in Mexico, is honored sort of halfheartedly in Peru. There is a statue of him in Lima and some streets and businesses are named after him, but most Peruvians are ambivalent about him at best. They all know who he was and what he did, but most present-day Peruvians do not find him much worthy of admiration. Sources Burkholder, Mark and Lyman L. Johnson. Colonial Latin America. Fourth Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Inca. London: Pan Books, 2004 (original 1970).Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962Patterson, Thomas C. The Inca Empire: The Formation and Disintegration of a Pre-Capitalist State. New York: Berg Publishers, 1991.Varon Gabai, Rafael. Francisco Pizarro and His Brothers: The Illusion of Power in Sixteenth-Century Peru. trans. Flores Espinosa, Javier. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.

Listening assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Listening assignment - Essay Example The trumpet was played at the fast notes which please the ears of the listener. It added a new modern touch to the typical jazz composition. The addition of drum compliments the soloist in creating the composition while keeping in mind the beats of drum. On the other hand, the addition of piano in making a new bebop composition made a huge difference. It made the typical jazz tune more modern and harmonious. In my point of view, the entire composition and setting of the instruments made this solo performance a classic masterpiece which is melodious as well as it gave a new meaning to bebop style in jazz. Starting off with slow beats and then gradually reaching the point where the sounds and composition as well as the instrumental collaboration mesmerize the hearts and souls of the listeners. All I can say that the composition is melodious with a soulful performance by Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie

EPS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

EPS - Essay Example All in all, Pinterest provides a healthy, interactive platform where buyers and sellers interact via pictures which are indeed more powerful than words. Also, the team at Pinterest can get a hands-on understanding of the customers who use it which it can use in future to generate useful customer insights for businesses. It can, therefore, become a powerful customer database where customers’ tastes, preferences, buying habits, lifestyle and personality can be examined through the content they upload (Falls). The next potential big thing is Dropbox. The reason why it is considered the next big thing is that they are profitable. The company started by the provision of a paid cloud storage service and with the growing number of subscribers, it is increasingly likely that individuals will surpass the storage limit which shall enable the company capitalize on its premium paid service (Barret). A major reason why it is likely to become a big hit is that it is enabling users meet their storage needs in today’s multi device world. Considering how devices have become disposable and users switch to a new device each year, it allows customers to have a wireless, virtual, safe backup of all their data. Finally, the new virtual marketplace – TaskRabbit, according to me, shall also be a big hit. The platform allows time starved consumers to get people to work for themselves through just a few clicks. The company is gradually expanding its market in order to avoid the chicken and egg issue. It will be particularly useful for organizations that do not have a minute to spare for daily errands. TaskRabbit’s system is very well organized which is demonstrated by their targeted city-wise marketing

Postcolonial Criticism Has Embraced Cultural Studies Essay

Postcolonial Criticism Has Embraced Cultural Studies Essay After the end of World War II, there occurred a large-scale process of decolonization of the territories subjugated by most of the imperial powers (Britain, France, the Netherlands, Belgium). Postcolonial literature and criticism arose both during and after the struggles of many nations in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and elsewhere for independence from colonial rule. The 1950s and 1960s saw the publication of seminal texts of postcolonialism: Aimà © Cà ©saires Discours sur le colonialisme, and Frantz Fanons Black Skin, White Masks. In 1958, Chinua Achebe published his novel Things Fall Apart. George Lammings The Pleasures of Exile appeared in 1960 and Fanons The Wretched of the Earth followed in 1961. In his book Postclonialism: A Very Short Introduction, Robert Young regarded that the founding moment of postcolonial theory was the journal the Tricontinental, which initiated the first global alliance of the peoples of the three continents against imperialism (Young 16-17). E. ii. Main aims of the theory Postcolonial criticism has embraced a number of aims: most fundamentally, to re-examine the history of colonialism from the perspective of the colonized; to determine the economic, political, and cultural impact of colonialism on both the colonized peoples and the colonizing powers; to analyze the process of decolonization; and above all, the contestation of forms of hegemony, and the articulation of political and cultural identities (Young, White Mythologies, 11). Early voices of anti-imperialism stressed the need to develop or return to indigenous literary traditions so as to restore their cultural heritage eclipsed by the imperial domination  [1]  . Other prominent voices, such as Said and Spivak, have advocated a deconstructive critique of Western discursive formation of knowledge in order to attain their own political and Acultural ends. However, recent voices, led by Homi Bhabha, have embraced the notion of hybridity as a space of cultural articulation and negotiation. E. iii. Scope and projects The scope of postcolonial discourse extends over the domains of gender, race, ethnicity, and class. Indeed, it might be an oversimplification to treat either the colonizer or the colonized as homogeneous entities, which can somehow be mutually opposed. Such a rigid division undermines the fact that both class exploitation and gender oppression function in both the West and in colonized nations (Young 8-9). Hence, postcolonial discourse has been associated with ethnic studies of various minorities in Western societies such as African-American, Native American, Latin American, and womens studies. All of these discourses have challenged the main streams of Western philosophy, literature, and ideology. In this respect, it has become a common project to question and revaluate the literary and cultural canon in Western institutions. The 1960s saw left-wing uprisings against the elements of liberal humanism: Western democracy, the Enlightenment rationalism, objectivity, and individual auton omy. This reaction against the Western mainstream tradition was fostered largely by the emergence of French literary theory, which insisted that the text was an indirect expression and often a justification of the prevailing power structure. This structure was inevitably a hierarchy in which the voices of minorities, women, and the working classes were suppressed. In fact, the appeal to timeless truths in the Western literature, which is presumably claimed as universal in its scope and purpose, has always transcended historical, economic, and political contexts. Such claim reveals the extent to which Eurocentric representations of the Self, resting on the Enlightenment project of rationality, progress, civilization, and moral agency, were constructed on a binary opposition to various forms of Otherness, which are founded on polarized images such as superstition, backwardness, barbarism, and moral incapacity. E. iv. Recent developments in the postcolonial theory Saids landmark work Orientalism appeared in 1978. More recent works include The Empire Writes Back (1989) by Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin and Gayatri Spivaks The Post-Colonial Critic (1990), as well as work by Abdul JanMohamed, Benita Parry and most importantly Homi Bhabhas The Location of Culture (1994). In his book White Mythologies, Robert Young sees postcolonialism as continuing to derive its inspiration from the anti-colonial struggles of the colonial era. Anti-colonialism had many of the characteristics commonly associated with postcolonialism such as diaspora, transnational migration and transcultural identities. Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin also use the term postcolonialism in a comprehensive sense to cover all the history impacted by imperialism from the moment of colonization to the present day, which is a form of continuity between the colonial and postcolonial periods. Most of the exponents of postcolonialism have regarded the trio: Said, Spivak and Bhabha, as the most influential theorists of what has become known as postcolonialism  [2]  . Their works have largely been at the center of various contemporary postcolonial debates. Saids Orientalism is generally regarded as having inaugurated the field of explicitly postcolonial criticism in the West. He argues that the Western representation of the Orient was produced by the imaginative geography of Western scholarship and has been instrumental in the colonization and domination of non-Western societies. Postcolonial theory reverses the historical center/margin direction of cultural studies. Critiques of the metropolis and capital now emanate from the former colonies. Moreover, Homi K. Bhabha has questioned the binary thought that produces the dichotomies-center/margin, white/black, and colonizer/colonized-by which colonial practices are justified. The work of Gayatri C. Spivak has focused atten tion on the question of who speaks for the colonial Other and the relation of the ownership of discourse and representation to the development of the postcolonial subjectivity. Nowadays, postcolonialism offers a fundamental critique of the ideology of colonial domination and at the same time seeks to subvert the essentialist thought that produced conceptual as well as economic divides between West and East, civilized and uncivilized, First and Third Worlds. In this respect, postcolonial theory has brought fresh perspectives to the role of colonized peoples- their wealth, labor, and culture- in the development of modern European nation states. While postcolonial criticism emerged in the historical moment following the collapse of the modern colonial empires, the increasing globalization of culture, including the imperialism of multinational capitalism, suggests a continued relevance for this field of study. E. v. Delimitation of postcolonial theory Postcolonial theory, as any other theoretical approach, has conceptual boundaries and limitations. Although it offers a theoretical approach that highlights the importance of examining the present colonial legacies, most of the early literature in postcolonial theory has emerged from the decolonized world of the twentieth century that theorizes mostly from the British imperial discourse. Thus, for the most part, it has not only overlooked the (post)colonial texts written in native languages, but also created a kind of postcolonial canon that has so far reinforced and maintained the supremacy of the colonizers language that has served as a tool for colonialism and imperialism. According to Wail Hassan and Rebecca Saunders, Anglophone postcolonial studies have sustained British literature as a frame of reference (18). Therefore, only Commonwealth Anglophone writers are introduced to English departments, while writers who write in their native languages are neglected. As a result, Anglo phone postcolonial literature is a highly selective field [] [that consolidates] the argument that Anglophone postcolonialism has become a mimic canon that functions effectively to reinforce neocolonial hegemony (Hassan and Saunders 18). Nevertheless, the use of english  [3]  as the language of expression makes the postcolonial works available to a wider audience and, thus, gives voice to ex-colonial subjects (Subaltern/Other) to speak for themselves and restitute the agency of self-representation. According to Ashcroft, through using E/english, colonized people have subverted the tropes by which they have habitually been marginalized, and, ultimately, have permanently influenced even the educational disciplines by which those tropes were perpetuated (Ashcroft, On Postcolonial Futures, 2).

Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism Essay

The Chinese are the among the cultures to whose lives and philosophies are greatly influenced by their religion – Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. These three school of thoughts basically deal as to how the Chinese live in harmony, not only among themselves but with nature as well. Among the three schools of thought, Buddhism is the only one which did not originate in China. Hence, it differs with Confucianism and Taoism in as much as it deals with the human being alone and his suffering. Nonetheless, although it is different from Confucianism and Taoism, it is admittedly not in conflict with these two but rather it reinforces the concepts and tenets of the two schools of thought. Buddhism primarily believes in reincarnation (nirvana) and affirms the fact that life is â€Å"suffering† and that â€Å"desire and craving† are the causes of suffering. In order to attain happiness, one has to overcome his cravings and desires, hatred and complaints. Although Buddhism was not originally from China, it has nonetheless gained widespread popularity over the centuries. At the start, Buddhism and the Chinese native religions vastly varied. Buddhism reinforced reincarnation while the native Chinese believed in single life only. Secondly, Buddhism insists that in order to achieve the state of Nirvana, one has to give up or leave society and enter the celibate and homeless life of a monk or nun while the Chinese placed great emphasis on the family and its continuance of descendants. Furthermore, Buddhism does not believe in the existence of the soul compared to the native Chinese who believe in earthly and heavenly souls and lastly, while Buddhism reiterates the independence of the monastic community, native Chinese religions insist that all institutions whether religious or secular are under the government. Eventually though, Buddhism adjusted to Chinese society and vice versa. Hence, the Chinese came to believe in reincarnation and believed that their deceased relatives became ancestors. Because Buddhism propagated the belief of reincarnation and the Chinese came to believe in it, it was able to bring together the development of a series of ideas regarding heaven and eternal happiness and that they could be reborn into different levels. Hence, modern Chinese society used Buddhist temples as the centrepiece of worship and study. It also made Buddhists the key players in funerals by taking over the burial and remembrance of the deceased. Wealthy and affluent Chinese make sure to have Buddhist monks during funerals because their presence more or less became an assurance of a good rebirth. Moreover, a deceased’s name place in a spirit plaque inside the temple meant that he or she is part of the daily Buddhist prayer. Gleaning from the history of Buddhism, the religion took different paths. Originally, it was an individualistic religion wherein one is responsible for his own progress in the path to nirvana. Thus, it entails that the believer has to enter the monastery and become a monk, with the aim of abandoning their desires. This is done by not doing any work and was only supported through begging and donations from the community. But the Chinese found this path to be very difficult and soon â€Å"easier paths† took form. The Chinese are known for their excellent health and long life. This is also attributed to Buddhism. With the separation from the original form of Buddhism came the Tantric form of Buddhism which stresses the total involvement of the body, mind and speech in the search for enlightenment and nirvana. As the doctrine of the karma took hold and fabricated itself into Chinese society, out came new types of behaviour that can be attributed to the Buddhists. The Chinese began to practice seated meditation and make offerings to images. They also adapted the Buddhist rites of confession and consecration. While Buddhism mainly seeks to promote the belief of reincarnation and karma, it was also able to alter the world of the Chinese in terms of materials by introducing new objects, symbols and rituals. The practice of making donations to the Buddhist monks in order to ensure their good rebirth also became adapted. Hence, inspite of its belief that in order to achieve Nirvana, one has to abandon all worldly and material things, Buddhism today especially in Chinese society encourages donations even at such huge amounts to the extent that the donor fails no reluctance for giving such to a supposedly celibate and austere community all for the sake of ensuring good karma and Nirvana. There is one basis for this practice: the monks relied mainly on the donations of the community. Aside from donating for the monks’ clothing and food, donors are also encouraged to make material offerings to Buddha such as gold, topaz, silver and crystal. Devotees are also encouraged to make images of the Buddha. While the Chinese are known for their frugality, they nonetheless place great importance in the splendour of Buddhist practices and images or objects. As can be seen, the Chinese value images of the Buddha that are made of precious stones and metals. Unlike Christians who use wood or clays for their images and icons, Chinese Buddhists believe that Buddhist deities must be given such images as their expression of respect. In summary, although Buddhism maintained the belief and practice of austerity and celibacy in order to attain eternal happiness and enlightenment, Chinese society in practice contradicts the tenets of Buddhism. This may be attributed to the fact that Buddhism adapted the culture of the Chinese instead of the other way around. Therefore, even though monks promoted and practiced austerity, they nonetheless encouraged their believers to give material wealth to the monastic community as security for their â€Å"rebirth†.

Environmental issues Essay

It was not yet realized by the public the seriousness of the environmental problems we face if not for the issue on global warming. Dozens of organizations, many of them with international memberships, are now working on everything from saving wildlife to developing new sources of energy. But pollution, energy consumption and economic growth are independent problems. Effective programs for dealing with one of them often aggravate the others. For example, devices that clean automobile exhaust and reduce air pollution also decreases fuel economy, thereby using up our limited reserves more rapidly. Similarly, banning the burning of household trash reduces air pollution but increases environmental pollution, as land, animals and scenery are sacrificed for strip mines and oil wells, and the wastes produced by the fuel are dumped into the environment. On the other hand, ignoring the need for more energy retards the economy, thereby increasing unemployment and possibly reducing food product ion. Nature is fighting back against the abuses we have inflicted upon it! Due to human carelessness that damaged the environment, many communities are now suffering from environmental crises. The air that you breathe contains gases such as oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in certain amounts. But many people live in areas where the air contains pollutants that are harmful to their health. Air pollution is a common problem in congested and urban areas (The Washington Times 2006, p.26). Food, air and water needed for life’s processes which the environment provides unfortunately contain harmful substances called pollutants. The presence of air, water and soil in the environment is of waste materials or pollutants which the environment cannot handle, degrade, disperse or diffuse so that it becomes unclean and unhealthy is called pollution (Colla 2002, p.125). Â  There are four general types of pollution, namely: 1. Air Pollution – It is an undesirable change in the physical and chemical characteristics of air. Industrial plants, motor vehicles, indiscriminate throwing and burning of refuse everywhere make the air polluted. Cigarette smoking contributes to air pollution, most especially in enclosed places. Foul smell from waste and methane gas emitted through the combustion of refuse contributes to the problem of air pollution (Kemp1994, p.23). Prolonged exposure to air pollution may cause/aggravate respiratory and other diseases as well as irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. 2. Water Pollution – this results when water contains more harmful substances such as harmful bacteria and poisonous chemicals, than it can naturally get rid of. The dumping of domestic and industrial wastes into the rivers, canals, and other water bodies causes pollutants to be introduced into waterways. Frequent flooding which carry topsoil and sewage into the water supplies pollute the water, too. Sugar mills, distillers and mining firms without proper waste disposal systems are among the principal polluters of the nation’s waterways. Soap and water detergents produce enormous persistent layers of suds on the surface of receding waters. Substances such as harmful bacteria and poisonous chemicals are likely to cause gastro-intestinal diseases, cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, infectious hepatitis, food poisoning and even death. Mercury in sea water is absorbed by tiny plants that provide food for small fish, which is eaten by a larger fish. When they are eaten by men, mercury is deposited in the kidneys and brain which may cause death when accumulated (Kemp 1994, p.23). 3. Land Pollution – This takes place when harmful substances are introduced into the soil making it unable to sustain plant life. Dumping areas are breeding places of disease carriers such as flies, rodents, mosquitoes and cockroaches. Uses of excessive amounts of fertilizer, pesticides and other toxic chemicals can destroy the ability of the soil to self-generate. They deplete the nutrients, harden the texture, and increase toxicity, making the soil less productive. Other causes of land pollution are atomic fallouts and mine tailings which poison agricultural lands. Toxic residues from the accumulation of chemicals in the land can cause cancer and other diseases (Kemp 1994, p.24). 4. Noise Pollution (Persistent noise) – This refers to the presence of too loud, too sudden or very unpleasant sound that becomes an assault to the body causing mental or physical harm. The roaring of motor vehicles, grating sound of jackhammer, squeaking of tires, screeching brakes, blaring television sets, radios and stereos and even loud shouting are some types of dangerous noises when one is continuously exposed to them. Noise pollution affects not only the ears but also directly or indirectly impairs the mind and the whole body. Directly, it can cause deafness; indirectly, it may lead to increased heart beat and high blood pressure that eventually cause cardiovascular disease (Kemp 1994, p.24). Most pollution is caused by man, pollutants will increase as population grows, and hence, minimizing the production of pollutants and managing its proper disposal must be the goal of every human being. But the air pollution must be given extra attention by the government, society and each individual to protect people from this environmental danger, not only for ourselves but for future generations. Air Pollution, Environmental Hazard There are five basic pollutants of air are carbon monoxide, sulfur oxide, hydrocarbons (organic compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon) and small particles that float in the air (Jordan 2005, p.12-20). Sources of Air Pollution 1. Automobile exhausts The poisonous carbon monoxide in the air comes from automobiles. Nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbons are also produced as by-products of engine combustion. The more vehicles there are on the road, the greater is the possibility of pollution. Unleaded gasoline and some anti-pollution automobile parts cut down the amount of pollutants in the air. But transportation vehicles are still a major cause of air pollution. 2. Industry Industries are responsible for the second largest amount of pollution in the air, next only to vehicles. Fuels that are used in some industries may give off large amounts of sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide and harmful particles of dust and ash. Sulfur oxide is made when fuels containing sulfur like coal are burned. Certain industrial processes may give off more of one pollutant than another. This depends on the kind of fuel used and the product that is being made. 3. Individuals People pollute the air in many ways. Each time a person smokes a cigar/cigarette, the air is being polluted when he burns trash, air pollution is increased. More pollution is added when he uses wood for cooking or to keep warm during the cold months or cool during the hot months. Effects of Air Pollution 1. Respiratory disorders If you have breathed polluted air, the eyes may water, the nose may run and a cough may develop. Serious illnesses are likely to happen to people long exposed to polluted air. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer are common in air polluted areas. Cigarette smoking is closely related to the development of long cancer. Heart diseases, especially heart attacks occur more in places where there is a high level of carbon monoxide in the air. 1. Accidents Vehicle accidents happen more often in places where air is polluted. These accidents may be caused by poor visibility in the polluted air. Or they may be caused by increased exposure to carbon monoxide. People with watery eyes, headaches and breathing problems often find it hard to drive in air polluted areas. 2. High economic cost The government may spend billions of pesos per year to control air pollution. However, little has been done by the government to control air pollution due to the struggling economy and the low economic growth. The United States spends around 4o billion dollars a year to control air pollution. The cost of air pollution is about 200 dollars per year for each person. Air pollution can also add to the rusting and corrosion of vehicles and machinery. Even farm crops may be harmed or stunted in growth by air pollution. There is a way out of this trap. In a word, it is sacrifice. The fact that there is no way both to clean up the environment and conserve natural resources without changing the life-style of people in the industrialized nations. The challenge is that of motivating people to make the necessary changes now, before a worldwide disaster forces much more difficult adjustments upon us. Preventing of Air Pollution Everyone needs to care more about the problem of air pollution. Car exhausts and air conditioning systems can be checked at regular times and kept in good working condition. Air conditioners, if not working properly, may give off harmful hydrocarbons. Vehicles should not be allowed to idle for more than a few minutes because idling lets carbon monoxide escape in the sir. Use of public transportation would also lower the number of vehicles on the road and in return would also lower air pollution. Strict laws on transportation and industry must be enforced. Instead of burning trash, it should be allowed to decompose in pits. The decomposed materials can be utilized as fertilizer for plants and at the same time minimizes smoke in the air. Stricter laws on cigarette smoking should also be enforced. The end result of this is lesser lung and heart ailments and cleaner atmosphere (Cline 1992, p.35-37). Political Action The real problem comes from the wealth the power of the opponents of environmental protection. On the local level, environmentalist face rich land developers who can make large campaign contributions to the politicians who decide what land may or may not be developed. At higher levels of government, environmentalists face even more powerful foes: multinational corporations that stand to make big profits from despoiling the environment. Included here are some of the most powerful corporations in the world, such as petroleum and mineral companies that want to sink wells and mines in fragile wilderness areas, the manufacturers that spew pollutants into the air and water, and the firms that sell products such as polluting automobiles and unsafe pesticides. Such corporations have spent hundreds of million dollars to persuade the government not to outlaw their destructive activities (Diehl, p.20-21). The environmentalists and the concerned public simply do not have that kind of money. If we are to preserve the natural environment for ourselves and the generations to come, two things must be done. First, a stronger educational campaign must be launched to make more people aware of environmental problems. Second, more ordinary citizens must join together and become involved in the political action necessary to strengthen anti-pollution laws, increase the enforcement effort, and protect our natural resources. Conserving Resources There is no doubt that our existing resources can be used far more efficiently. It is possible for a large-scale, multiple-stage recycling program to be introduced in imitation of natural ecosystems. To take a simple example, garbage could be used as fuel to run the mills to make recycled paper, the wastes from which could be burned as fuel. Similarly, it is possible that community water districts will some day become closed systems, meaning that the water would be used again and again, never being discharged into an ocean or river. Some factories already have such closed systems (Sarewitz 2000, p.55). It is possible to envision larger closed systems designed so that no industrial material would ever be discarded as either waste or pollution. Energy conservation can also stretch our natural resources. Insulating homes, driving smaller cars at slower speeds, riding trains and buses instead of driving cars, recycling the heat used in factories, and restricting the manufacture of energy-wasting gadgets are obvious ways of eliminating waste. The immediate task is not to develop technologies that are more energy sufficient; the challenge is to find ways or persuading people to use the conservation measures that are already available. Better Technology A growing number of scientists and concerned citizens are coming to see solar system as the best answer to the world’s energy problems. Solar power units use the endless supply of energy from the sun, are nonpolluting, and pose no threat of radiation or explosion. Other promising approaches use specially prepared ponds of water to trap solar energy or mirrors to concentrate it on a single location, where it can be used to generate electrical power (Tennesen 2004, p.85). Limiting Growth Technological solutions are attractive, but it is doubtful that they alone can resolve the environmental crisis. It is often argued that industrial growth is necessary to create new jobs for a growing population. The argument that economic growth is necessary to eliminate poverty and create a more egalitarian society is also misleading. Despite decades of rapid economic growth, the industrialized nations continue to show enormous inequalities of wealth and power (1991, p.12). Conclusion The environmental crisis does not mean everyone should return to hunting and gathering; the world’s current population is too large to even consider such an idea. Keeping a clean environment is the responsibility of the government, society and each individual. Today, air pollution must be given extra attention to protect people from this environmental danger. All of us must have aknowledge of this environmental menace. The young generations today, like us, crave for the total preservation of our natural resources, earnestly begging to put an end to wastage and preserve the natural wealth intended by our Mother Earth for the future. Yes, there is still gleaming hope to save our Mother Earth from total destruction. There is still a chance to regain the lost paradise we unscrupulously abused. We must do our part to make this world a safer place to live in, not just for ourselves and our neighbors but our future generations. The will to dynamic implementation to this urgent call lies in your strong and sustainable support, giving once more Mother Earth a chance to care for our lives now and in the future generations.